How Instrumentation verbs work

• A singular entity noun becomes an verb of the form "to be"
  
• "They are still (many) record" (They are records - see below for plural)
  
• "It was (once) city" (It was a city)
  
• the plural indicates an attributive verb
  
• "It is still (many) records" (This is a recorded message)
  
• An adjective becomes a verb of the form "to seem" or "to resemble"
  
• "It is still (many) recorded" (It resembles a record)
• "Y'all are still (many) most citified" (You seem very urban)
  
• The degree of comparison (i.e. 'most') indicates the strength of the resemblance
  
• A singular active noun becomes a verb of the form "to do" or "to make"
  
• "I am still (once) recorder" (I will make a record)
• "You were (once) city dweller" (You visited or lived in the city).
• the plural indicates an attributive verb
  
• "This is still (many) recorders a microphone" (This is a recording microphone)
• An adverb becomes an verb of the form "to use" or "to control"
• "We will (once) recordingly" (We will view/read/listen to/play a record)
• "Buses are still (many) less cityishly" (Buses provide partial access to the city)
• The degree of comparison (i.e. 'less') indicates the strength of the control or the relative frequency of the use.
  

This tutorial shows some examples for the conjugation of a common verb using the game to provide the graphics. The blue or black spokes in the images below are the added spokes. The yellow or invisible spokes are not present.

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Adding other spokes (as shown in the following examples) will change these six verb states (singular direct self far-future once) to their opposite states (plural indirect other near-past many-times). This first set of examples will show variations in the number and types of person. The list of potential persons is:

I	singular direct self	author takes ownership of action(s)
you	singular direct other	author directly addresses one listener
one	singular indirect self	author does not take ownership
it	singular indirect other	author refers to person or thing other than listener(s)
we (I plural)	plural direct self	author assumes ownership of group consensus
y'all (you plural)	plural direct other	author directly addresses listeners
many (one plural)	plural indirect self	author reports (assumed?) group consensus
they (it plural)	plural indirect other	author refers to people or things other than listener(s)

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To change from 'singular direct self' to 'singular direct other', we add the Depiction spoke. Depiction implies verbatim (or precise) transfer of information. In English this would be, "you will run once".

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To change from 'singular direct self' to 'singular indirect self', we add the Interrogation spoke. Interrogation implies a lack of knowledge or a lack of clarity. In English this would be, "One will run once". The author refers to an indeterminate person who might be unknown or intentionally unnamed (or the author in a self effacing or formal mode).

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To change from 'singular direct self' to 'plural direct self', we add the Extrapolation spoke. Extrapolation implies a projection of the actions of others (when used with verbs). In English this would be, "We will run once".

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The other types of person are created with combinations of the spokes shown above.

For example, to change from 'singular direct self' to 'plural indirect self', we add the Interrogation and the Extrapolation spokes. In English this would be, "Many will run once".

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To change from 'singular direct self' to 'singular indirect other', we add the Interrogation and the Depiction spokes. In English this would be, "It will run once".

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That completes the examples of types of person. The remaining (three) types are left as exercises for the reader. We will now present types of verb tense.

will run once	far-future once	a statement of intent
will run repeatedly	far-future many	a statement of optimistic intent
ran once	far-past once	been there, done that
ran many times	far-past many	not that I'm bragging
about to run once	near-future once	soon as my shoes are tied
about to run repeatedly	near-future many	just try to stop me
just ran once (just finished running)	near-past once	but thanks for the offer
just ran many times (still running)	near-past many	and I'm not stopping

The 'near-past once and near-future once' forms do not require that the action be absolutely singular, but just that the specified action is the focus of attention.  The 'far-past once and far-future once' forms do tend to imply that the action is or will be mostly singular (or that the author believes that no one knows about all those other times). The 'once' tenses may be substituted for the 'Perfect' tense in common usage, but they are not an exact translation.

The use of the near-past implies that the effect of an action is still being experienced. The death of a child may be a 'near' thing for years. Conversely, the far-past can be used to imply that an action has had little effect on the author, even if it happened in the preceding ten minutes. 

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To change from 'far-future once' to 'near-future once' we add the Interpolation spoke. Interpolation Implies a finer subdivision of time. In English this would be, "I am about to run once". There is no absolute division between the near and far-future (the near-future could represent the next few days or even next year for a major event like a marriage), but use of near-future implies that the author is currently preparing to perform the act in question.

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To change from 'far-future once' to 'far-future many times' we add the Recognition spoke. Recognition implies awareness of multiple similar actions. In English this would be, "I will run more than once"or "I will run many times".

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To change from 'far-future once' to 'far-past once' we add the Recollection spoke. Recollection implies that the action has already occurred and is being remembered. In English this would be, "I ran once".

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The other types of tense are created with combinations of the spokes shown above

For example, to change from 'far-future once' to 'near-past ongoing' we add the Interpolation, Recognition and Recollection spokes. In English this would be, "I (still) run" or "I am running". This is also the closest thing that Instrumentation has to a present tense.

Instrumentation is intended to be used by people who are nowhere near one another, so 'now' must be considered to be a very fuzzy concept. The 'now' of the person sending a message is almost guaranteed to be 'the past' to the person receiving the message. For this reason, Instrumentation represents the present verb tense as a continuation of the near-past.

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In summation, here are the spokes and their effects on verbs:

Type	Absent	Present
depiction	self	other
interrogation	direct	indirect
extrapolation	singular	plural
interpolation	far	near
recognition	once	many times
recollection	future	past

And here is the same information in visual form.

This completes our tutorial on verb forms.

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